Embeddings

Evaluation methodology: perplexity, pass@k, BLEU/ROUGE, embeddings, AI-as-a-judge, comparative evaluation (Elo/Bradley-Terry, LMSYS Arena); factual consistency, safety, instruction-following; model selection workflow; API vs self-hosting; evaluation pipeline design; benchmark contamination

Retrieval-augmented generation; term-based (TF-IDF, BM25) vs embedding-based retrieval; ANN algorithms (LSH, HNSW, FAISS); hybrid search with RRF; chunking; reranking; contextual retrieval; text-to-SQL; memory model